Parachute Regiments. British Armys elite Air Assault Infantry
2PARA Maroon Beret. The Maroon beret has the the Imperial Lion and "Queen's" Crown. During the Second World War the royal insignias had the king's crown (George VI). In 1952, with his death and the crown's succession to the hands of his daughter Elizabeth II, the insignias had the queen's crown.
Colonel H Jones. Photo Dailymail.
The 2nd Battalion, The Parachute Regiment (2 PARA), played a pivotal and decorated role in the Falklands War of 1982, becoming the only British battalion to fight two major land battles during the conflict.
Battle of Goose Green (May 28–29): This was the first major land engagement and the longest battle of the war. Approximately 450 men of 2 PARA defeated a numerically superior Argentine force of over 1,000 personnel. The battalion suffered 18 fatalities, including their commanding officer, Lt Col H. Jones, who was posthumously awarded the Victoria Cross for his bravery while charging an enemy machine-gun position.
Battle of Wireless Ridge (June 13–14): In their second major action, 2 PARA captured the ridge overlooking Port Stanley. This battle was characterized by superior fire support compared to Goose Green, leading to a swift Argentine retreat and the eventual liberation of the capital.
Battle of Goose Green (May 28–29): This was the first major land engagement and the longest battle of the war. Approximately 450 men of 2 PARA defeated a numerically superior Argentine force of over 1,000 personnel. The battalion suffered 18 fatalities, including their commanding officer, Lt Col H. Jones, who was posthumously awarded the Victoria Cross for his bravery while charging an enemy machine-gun position.
Battle of Wireless Ridge (June 13–14): In their second major action, 2 PARA captured the ridge overlooking Port Stanley. This battle was characterized by superior fire support compared to Goose Green, leading to a swift Argentine retreat and the eventual liberation of the capital.
1970s DPM parachute PARA jump smock with Scrim net and maroon beret.
Following the success at Wireless Ridge, 2 PARA were among the first troops to enter Port Stanley on June 14, 1982, marking the end of the conflict. Throughout the campaign, the battalion suffered significant losses, with 18 men killed at Goose Green and 3 at Wireless Ridge.
Following the success at Wireless Ridge, 2 PARA were among the first troops to enter Port Stanley on June 14, 1982, marking the end of the conflict. Throughout the campaign, the battalion suffered significant losses, with 18 men killed at Goose Green and 3 at Wireless Ridge.
In addition to Lt Col H. Jones's Victoria Cross, the battalion received numerous gallantry awards and the battle honors of "Goose Green" and "Wireless Ridge".
British Paratroopers with SLR L1A1 and M16A1 w/M203 40mm Grenade Launcher (?). The soldier with the flag may have a 66mm LAW (?) which is an anti-tank weapon used in Malvinas against Argentine strongpoints. They also may have used the Swedish Carl Gustav 84mm anti-tank launcher. Note the Smock, Parachutist DPM and the PRC-349.
Photo: Dailymail.
The Para Smock differs from the three most recent standard patterns of combat jacket, all made from DPM, and is like its Denison predecessor in having no flap to button or velcro over the full length zipper; hip and breast pockets; hem adjustors; and a diaper flap (fastened under the crotch to stop the smock riding up while parachuting) fastened by pres-studs (snaps) (though smaller than on the Denison); and knitted wool cuffs. It is also cut more loosely than the Smock,combat.
Photo: Dailymail.
The Para Smock differs from the three most recent standard patterns of combat jacket, all made from DPM, and is like its Denison predecessor in having no flap to button or velcro over the full length zipper; hip and breast pockets; hem adjustors; and a diaper flap (fastened under the crotch to stop the smock riding up while parachuting) fastened by pres-studs (snaps) (though smaller than on the Denison); and knitted wool cuffs. It is also cut more loosely than the Smock,combat.
Type 80 Helmet Parachute. Issued to the Parachute Regiment and Special Forces. It is a Jump helmet made of some plastic, non-ballistic material.
Royal Marines
Recommended read:
Inside The Commandos. A pictorial history from World War Two to the present by James D. Ladd. Naval Institute Press. Annapolis Maryland. Jacket Illustration: Royal Marine Commandos in training, land from a Rigid Raiding Craft (RRC). Right: During the voyage south to the Falkland Islands, commandos were given a number of combinations of heavy loads to assess what weight they might carry in an emergency, includin (as seen here) a load with the barrel of an 84mm mortar.
Royal Marine Commandos.
Below the radio is a polystyrene sleeping mat. The soldier in front of him has a sleeping bag. During the campaign the troops used a variety of backpacks, including test models. The standard GS General service (Derived from the P72 trial); The large heavy loads for long missions PARA/SAS/SBS and the Artic Body Rucksack 'Bergen" was named this after a city in Norway where a similar rucksack was used by skiers, type CQC with back frame.
.45 Commando (45 CDO), Royal Marines under Lieutenant-Colonel Andrew Whitehead . DPM Windproof Jacket. Photo: latinamericanstudies.org
Royal Marine Commando Beret (Made by Kangol", with old Imperial size, not metric size. Note the Olive Green Scrim Scarf.
The Royal Marines (RM) were central to the Falklands War, from the initial defense of the islands to the final liberation of Port Stanley. The conflict is recognized as one of the Corps' major battle honors.
The war for them began when Argentine forces invade the islands, met by a small, vastly outnumbered garrison of roughly 60–70 Royal Marines from Naval Party 8901. Led by Major Mike Norman, they mounted a fierce resistance at Government House before the Governor ordered a surrender to avoid further civilian casualties.
3 Commando Brigade: Commanded by Brigadier Julian Thompson, this was the primary ground force for the campaign.
Combat Units: Included 40, 42, and 45 Commando RM, with the Army's 2nd and 3rd Battalions of the Parachute Regiment (2 PARA and 3 PARA) attached.
Special Forces: The Special Boat Squadron (SBS) conducted critical reconnaissance and sabotage missions.
Battles and Actions
The "Yomp": Following the sinking of the Atlantic Conveyor and the loss of most transport helicopters, Royal Marines from 45 Commando famously marched (yomped) 56 miles across East Falkland in three days, carrying 80lb packs in freezing conditions.
Battle of Mount Harriet (June 11–12): 42 Commando conducted a successful night assault, surprising the Argentine 4th Infantry Regiment by attacking from the rear through a minefield. They captured 300 prisoners while suffering only two fatalities.
Battle of Two Sisters (June 11–12): 45 Commando attacked and defeated Argentine forces on the twin peaks overlooking Stanley. The battle involved intense machine-gun and mortar fire, with HMS Glamorgan providing critical naval gunfire support.
On June 14, 1982, 40 Commando was among the units that secured the high ground surrounding the capital, leading to the Argentine surrender.
A total of 27 Royal Marines lost their lives during the conflict. The image of "The Yomper"—a Marine with a Union Jack fixed to his radio antenna—remains the defining photograph of the British effort.
The war for them began when Argentine forces invade the islands, met by a small, vastly outnumbered garrison of roughly 60–70 Royal Marines from Naval Party 8901. Led by Major Mike Norman, they mounted a fierce resistance at Government House before the Governor ordered a surrender to avoid further civilian casualties.
3 Commando Brigade: Commanded by Brigadier Julian Thompson, this was the primary ground force for the campaign.
Combat Units: Included 40, 42, and 45 Commando RM, with the Army's 2nd and 3rd Battalions of the Parachute Regiment (2 PARA and 3 PARA) attached.
Special Forces: The Special Boat Squadron (SBS) conducted critical reconnaissance and sabotage missions.
Battles and Actions
The "Yomp": Following the sinking of the Atlantic Conveyor and the loss of most transport helicopters, Royal Marines from 45 Commando famously marched (yomped) 56 miles across East Falkland in three days, carrying 80lb packs in freezing conditions.
Battle of Mount Harriet (June 11–12): 42 Commando conducted a successful night assault, surprising the Argentine 4th Infantry Regiment by attacking from the rear through a minefield. They captured 300 prisoners while suffering only two fatalities.
Battle of Two Sisters (June 11–12): 45 Commando attacked and defeated Argentine forces on the twin peaks overlooking Stanley. The battle involved intense machine-gun and mortar fire, with HMS Glamorgan providing critical naval gunfire support.
On June 14, 1982, 40 Commando was among the units that secured the high ground surrounding the capital, leading to the Argentine surrender.
A total of 27 Royal Marines lost their lives during the conflict. The image of "The Yomper"—a Marine with a Union Jack fixed to his radio antenna—remains the defining photograph of the British effort.
Reinforced leather gloves.
1970s. Royal Marines Snow Mark II Gaiters. CQC PLC
Arctic Gortex Gloves. Mitten Outer Extreme Cold Weather.
Smock Combat Reversible Olive Drab/White and Trouser Combat Reversible Olive Drab/White. Vacuum Reflex Ltd.
SMG L2A3 Sterling 9mm:
The SMG L2A3 Sterling 9mm is a reliable and durable British-made submachine gun that served as the British Army's standard SMG from the 1950s until the 1990s. It is chambered in 9x19mm Parabellum and is known for its robust construction and effective design, notably featuring helical grooves on the bolt to clear dirt and a reliable roller-bearing magazine follower.
Action: Straight blowback, firing from an open bolt.
Caliber: 9×19mm Parabellum.
Rate of Fire: Approximately 550 rounds per minute.
Feed System: A curved 34-round double-column, double-feed box magazine.
Design: Features a folding stock that tucks under the weapon, a side-mounted magazine for a low profile when prone, and a perforated barrel shroud.
Effective Range: Has an effective firing range of up to 200 meters (220 yards).
Action: Straight blowback, firing from an open bolt.
Caliber: 9×19mm Parabellum.
Rate of Fire: Approximately 550 rounds per minute.
Feed System: A curved 34-round double-column, double-feed box magazine.
Design: Features a folding stock that tucks under the weapon, a side-mounted magazine for a low profile when prone, and a perforated barrel shroud.
Effective Range: Has an effective firing range of up to 200 meters (220 yards).
The L2A3 variant (also known commercially as the Mark 4) was adopted by the British Army in 1956 and saw service in numerous conflicts, including the Falklands War in 1982, where it was used by both British and Argentine forces. It was finally replaced by the L85A1 5.56mm assault rifle in the early 1990s. Its reliable performance in demanding conditions made it a trusted choice, and over 50 nations have issued the Sterling to their military and police forces.
A fun fact is that the Sterling submachine gun was notably used as the basis for the E-11 blasters carried by Imperial Stormtroopers in the Star Wars films.
A fun fact is that the Sterling submachine gun was notably used as the basis for the E-11 blasters carried by Imperial Stormtroopers in the Star Wars films.
58 Pattern Sleeping Bag and Shovel.
Sight Unit Infantry Trilux (SUIT). L2A2 Trilux:
SUIT unit w/ LZA2 mount for AR15/M16.
The Sight Unit Infantry Trilux (SUIT) L2A2 is a 4x magnification prismatic optical sight developed for the British Army in the 1970s, primarily used with the L1A1 Self-Loading Rifle and the GPMG. It was designed for designated marksmen to improve long-range and low-light target engagement, not as a dedicated sniper scope.
The Sight Unit Infantry Trilux (SUIT) L2A2 is a 4x magnification prismatic optical sight developed for the British Army in the 1970s, primarily used with the L1A1 Self-Loading Rifle and the GPMG. It was designed for designated marksmen to improve long-range and low-light target engagement, not as a dedicated sniper scope.
Scots Guards
Tam o'shanter (TOS), Queen's Own Highlanders Scottish infantry regiment hat and badge. The stag's head (Deer Head and Royal Crown) is a Scottish Symbol. The Tam or Tammy was worn during World War 1 and World War II, in the postwar replaced for the berets. It is not a Falklands War Item but the Scottish with the Scots Guard 2nd Battalion, fought in The Mount Tumbledown in 1982.
Scots Guard in Mount Tumbledown. Note the second man from the right, dressed in green cold weather trousers also known as "Mao or Chinese fighting suit".
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The battalion was led by Lieutenant-Colonel Michael Scott, who was awarded the Distinguished Service Order (DSO) for his leadership.
Major John Kiszely: Led a successful bayonet charge and was the first into the Argentine positions, receiving the Military Cross (MC). Musical Legacy: After the battle, Pipe Major James Riddell composed the famous bagpipe march, "The Crags of Tumbledown Mountain," which has become the official memorial tune for the engagement. |
The Scots Guards (2nd Battalion) played a decisive role in the final stages of the Falklands War, most famously during the Battle of Mount Tumbledown. Their victory there was a primary factor in the Argentine surrender of Port Stanley later that same day.
The Battle of Mount Tumbledown (June 13–14, 1982)
This was one of the most intense and brutal night actions of the war.
The Assault: The battalion launched a complex, three-phase night attack across rugged, rock-strewn terrain. The fighting was characterized by fierce, close-quarters combat, involving bayonet charges—some of the last executed by the British Army.
They faced the Argentine 5th Naval Infantry Battalion (BIM 5), a well-prepared and professional force that utilized rock bunkers to resist for over 12 hours. The Scots Guards suffered 8 guardsmen killed in action and 43 wounded during the assault.
The Battle of Mount Tumbledown (June 13–14, 1982)
This was one of the most intense and brutal night actions of the war.
The Assault: The battalion launched a complex, three-phase night attack across rugged, rock-strewn terrain. The fighting was characterized by fierce, close-quarters combat, involving bayonet charges—some of the last executed by the British Army.
They faced the Argentine 5th Naval Infantry Battalion (BIM 5), a well-prepared and professional force that utilized rock bunkers to resist for over 12 hours. The Scots Guards suffered 8 guardsmen killed in action and 43 wounded during the assault.
The Royal Gurkha Rifles (RGR)
MK5 and Gurkha Kukri Knife.
Helmets
MKV Steel Helmet and MKII Paratrooper helmet w/net.
MK.V Steel Helmet (Turtle or Canadian Pattern).
The 1st Battalion,Welsh Guards (1 WG), suffered the heaviest losses of any British unit during the Falklands War. Their experience was defined by a single catastrophic event—the bombing of the RFA Sir Galahad—but they remained active until the final moments of the conflict.
The Sir Galahad Tragedy (June 8, 1982)
The battalion was traveling to the southern flank of Port Stanley aboard the transport ship RFA Sir Galahad to join the push for the capital.
While anchored at Fitzroy, the ship was hit by three bombs from Argentine A-4 Skyhawks. The resulting fire and explosions in the tank deck were devastating, particularly as many troops were still waiting to disembark. A total of 32 Welsh Guardsmen were killed in the attack, and many more were severely injured.
One of the most recognizable veterans of the war, Simon Weston CBE, survived the bombing with 46% burns and became a symbol of resilience and charity in the years that followed.
Recent declassified documents have cleared the regiment of long-standing rumors that they were to blame for the tragedy by refusing to leave the ship; the files confirm they were never ordered to disembark.
Final Battles and Sapper Hill
Despite the loss of roughly one-third of their strength, the remaining Guardsmen were reorganized and reinforced with companies from 40 Commando to continue the campaign.
Mount Harriet: They initially provided the secure start line for the Royal Marines' assault on Mount Harriet.
Sapper Hill (June 14): In the final hours of the war, the Welsh Guards were tasked with capturing Sapper Hill, the last defensible position before Port Stanley.
The Minefield: During the advance, they became trapped in a minefield while under mortar fire. They eventually secured the hill as Argentine forces retreated to the capital to surrender.
A memorial stands at Fitzroy overlooking the site of the Sir Galahad bombing, and a plaque is located at the foot of Sapper Hill to mark their final objective.
Motto: The regiment continues to serve under its motto, Cymru am Byth ("Wales Forever").
The Sir Galahad Tragedy (June 8, 1982)
The battalion was traveling to the southern flank of Port Stanley aboard the transport ship RFA Sir Galahad to join the push for the capital.
While anchored at Fitzroy, the ship was hit by three bombs from Argentine A-4 Skyhawks. The resulting fire and explosions in the tank deck were devastating, particularly as many troops were still waiting to disembark. A total of 32 Welsh Guardsmen were killed in the attack, and many more were severely injured.
One of the most recognizable veterans of the war, Simon Weston CBE, survived the bombing with 46% burns and became a symbol of resilience and charity in the years that followed.
Recent declassified documents have cleared the regiment of long-standing rumors that they were to blame for the tragedy by refusing to leave the ship; the files confirm they were never ordered to disembark.
Final Battles and Sapper Hill
Despite the loss of roughly one-third of their strength, the remaining Guardsmen were reorganized and reinforced with companies from 40 Commando to continue the campaign.
Mount Harriet: They initially provided the secure start line for the Royal Marines' assault on Mount Harriet.
Sapper Hill (June 14): In the final hours of the war, the Welsh Guards were tasked with capturing Sapper Hill, the last defensible position before Port Stanley.
The Minefield: During the advance, they became trapped in a minefield while under mortar fire. They eventually secured the hill as Argentine forces retreated to the capital to surrender.
A memorial stands at Fitzroy overlooking the site of the Sir Galahad bombing, and a plaque is located at the foot of Sapper Hill to mark their final objective.
Motto: The regiment continues to serve under its motto, Cymru am Byth ("Wales Forever").
MK5 Steel Helmet
MKV Helmet, made by R.M Ltd.
Light-weight Parachute Helmet. These were light weight, non-ballistic styles produced with "D" ring buckles or the early green PVC type chinstrap and different liner versions to test. Some models were seen during the occupation of Ireland in the 1980s. During the Falklands War they used around 2000 of them, both with and without camoflage. The camo that they used was often personalized, but usually the kind used on the old MK2. You can also see in photos that they used fabric on the helmets with net on top of it and held in place by a rubber band. They sometimes also stuck leaves or cloth leaves in the nets.
Royal Marines 1980s with Riot Gear (Ireland ?). Note the M76 Mk1 Para helmet with visor and PVC chinstrap, SRL L1A1, DPM smock jacket and lightweight trousers and wool gaiters, possibily Northern Ireland. Photo: Inside the Commandos. Naval Institute Press, Annapolis Maryland. In the same publication you can see the use of a MK5 steel riot helmets with visors and standard riot helmets with visors.
AFV crews helmet made by AMPLIVOX Ltd, Helmet-Headset Electrical Vehicle Crewman's Headgear.
AFV crews' fibre helmet and the RAC helmet (Royal Armoured Corps) and The Old MKII Tanker Helmet.
RAC MKII (Armoured Crew), Steel Helmet.
RN MK II Steel Helmet and 20mm AA Oerlikon, HMS Hermes. The black marks on the helmets may be from the liner of another helmet when they are piled on top of each other for storage.
Headgear
Extreme Cold Weather Hat made by Compton Webb Headdress Ltd.
DPM "Deerstalker" Camo, Cold Weather Artic Cap. The British were prepared for the Malvinas cold weather because of the North Pole and from the bases in Germany.
Black Wool Balaclava Royal Merchant Marine also utilized by military, made by REMPLOY Ltd. Falklands War Era.
Royal Corps of Transport. RCT beret, made by Moss Bros. The motto is "Honi soit qui mal y pense" which means "Shamed be he who thinks evil of it." This is French origin and can be seen on British passports, many different regiments, and even in Canada and New Zealand.
The Royal Corps of Transport (RCT) played a critical role in the Falklands War, managing the complex logistics of moving personnel and materiel over 8,000 miles. RCT personnel operated motor vehicles, landing craft, and aircraft to sustain the British Task Force.
Units and Roles
17 Port Regiment RCT: Provided essential maritime support, including:
Mexeflote Detachments: Large powered rafts used to ferry heavy equipment from ships to shore where piers were unavailable.
Landing Ship Logistics (LSL) Detachments: Manned specialized landing ships like the RFA Sir Galahad and Sir Tristram.
407 Troop RCT: Attached to 5 Infantry Brigade, this unit provided ground transport support during the final push toward Port Stanley.
47 Air Despatch Squadron RCT: Elements were involved in coordinating air-dropped supplies to units in the field.
The "Yomp" and "Tab": The loss of most transport helicopters (following the sinking of the Atlantic Conveyor) forced logisticians to find alternative ways to move supplies.
Terrain: The boggy soil of the Falklands meant that traditional wheeled trucks were largely unusable, leaving logistics to rely on water movement or manual carrying.
Amphibious Operations: RCT personnel were responsible for managing beachhead supply lines at San Carlos and Fitzroy, often under heavy air attack.
Casualties
The RCT suffered significant losses during the campaign, particularly during the bombing of the RFA Sir Galahad at Fitzroy on June 8, 1982. While the Welsh Guards suffered the most fatalities in that attack, RCT drivers and technicians serving aboard the vessel were also among the casualties.
Units and Roles
17 Port Regiment RCT: Provided essential maritime support, including:
Mexeflote Detachments: Large powered rafts used to ferry heavy equipment from ships to shore where piers were unavailable.
Landing Ship Logistics (LSL) Detachments: Manned specialized landing ships like the RFA Sir Galahad and Sir Tristram.
407 Troop RCT: Attached to 5 Infantry Brigade, this unit provided ground transport support during the final push toward Port Stanley.
47 Air Despatch Squadron RCT: Elements were involved in coordinating air-dropped supplies to units in the field.
The "Yomp" and "Tab": The loss of most transport helicopters (following the sinking of the Atlantic Conveyor) forced logisticians to find alternative ways to move supplies.
Terrain: The boggy soil of the Falklands meant that traditional wheeled trucks were largely unusable, leaving logistics to rely on water movement or manual carrying.
Amphibious Operations: RCT personnel were responsible for managing beachhead supply lines at San Carlos and Fitzroy, often under heavy air attack.
Casualties
The RCT suffered significant losses during the campaign, particularly during the bombing of the RFA Sir Galahad at Fitzroy on June 8, 1982. While the Welsh Guards suffered the most fatalities in that attack, RCT drivers and technicians serving aboard the vessel were also among the casualties.
Footgear
British hobnailed ankle boots and 1960 short woollen puttees made by Uk Fox Brothers & Co Ltd.
Royal Marine Commando Wool Boot Toppers "Hose Tops".
Left: British Ammo Boots. Right: DMS, (Direct Molded Soles) made by UK Autoprufe Ltd 1970. Direct Moulded Sole is footwear composed of only 1 piece. The lack of appropriate ventilation, along with its characteristic of being low, caused many cases of trench foot, freezing and fungus.
Some units used a civilian mountain shoe made by Gorotex (R), Outerwear. This experience posibly came from thoe troops that had been stationed on bases in West Germany and Norway with NATO. They also improvised marching waterproof gaiters for snow marches, along with alpine-style mountain boots. They were elements that resulted in a success compared to the DMS boots and the 37 pattern woolen puttees. The South Atlantic War served to investigate the adequate technology for the clothing, the footwear and equipment (windproof/waterproof) like Gaiters, tents, sleeping bags to combat humidity, cold, wind and any other climactic condition. Later in the Golf War the equipment would require a different approach due to the hot and dry climate.
Some units used a civilian mountain shoe made by Gorotex (R), Outerwear. This experience posibly came from thoe troops that had been stationed on bases in West Germany and Norway with NATO. They also improvised marching waterproof gaiters for snow marches, along with alpine-style mountain boots. They were elements that resulted in a success compared to the DMS boots and the 37 pattern woolen puttees. The South Atlantic War served to investigate the adequate technology for the clothing, the footwear and equipment (windproof/waterproof) like Gaiters, tents, sleeping bags to combat humidity, cold, wind and any other climactic condition. Later in the Golf War the equipment would require a different approach due to the hot and dry climate.
"Galibier", Civilian mountaineering boots. Many thanks to Juan Manuel Terradas for the info.
Webbing and field gear.
British Army 58 Pattern Webbing
1958 pattern webbing was a modular based personal equipment system issued to the Armed Forces of the United Kingdom from the 1950s up until the mid 80s. It replaced the 1937 Pattern Web Equipment that had served the UK's Armed Forces through the Second World War and the first decade of the cold war. It was in turn gradually replaced in the 1990s by the current issue '95 Pattern Personal Load Carrying Equipment (PLCE), though today it can still be seen in use by the UK's Cadet Forces.
A general issue of 1958 Pattern webbing consisted of a belt, yoke, ammunition pouches (left, with provision for an SLR bayonet, and right, with a pouch to the rear for a rifle grenade), a water bottle pouch, a pair of kidney pouches, a poncho roll and a large pack.
There were a number of ancillary pouches available for specialist tasks, e.g. pistol holster to hold the issue Browning Hi-Power, compass pouch.
All components in the system are made from a sturdy and tight-woven canvas fabric in a dark olive green. The metal fittings are aluminium, anodised dark green.
In its basic and standard configuration, each of the belt-mounted components is secured to the belt by a pair of double hooks (one double hook only in the case of the compass pouch) at the rear, hooked over the belt above and below, with the ends of the hooks further retained in canvas pockets at the rear of the belt. However, variations are to be found - including water bottle pouches and ammunition pouches for non-standard personal weapons fitted with a canvas loop into which the belt is threaded, rather than the metal hooks. This method of attachment allows the pouch to be moved around the belt for the comfort of the user, for example when sitting for long periods.
Several of the individual components evolved over the lifetime of the 1958 Pattern system. There were three iterations of the standard (SLR) ammunition pouches, two of the water-bottle pouch, two of the poncho roll.
The equipment was worn in a series of combinations. Weapon Training Order (or Skeleton Webbing) consisted of Belt, Yoke and Ammunition pouches. Combat Equipment Fighting Order (CEFO), was the term used for the full webbing system and once the Large Pack was attached, it became Combat Equipment Marching Order (CEMO).
Over the course of its service, there were a number of developments and modifications. When the system was originally designed, little scope was given to Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical warfare and when this was addressed, the system gained a respirator haversack to house the then issue S6 NBC Respirator.
58 Pattern is held in stores by a number of County Cadet Forces to replace aging stocks of 37 Pattern webbing which were still on issue in the late 1990s. The belt in particular seems to survive as an unofficial form of dress (replacing the general issue Working Belt) by older soldiers when worn with Combat Soldier 95 clothing.
A proposal to replace the 58 pattern was the 72 pattern
The 1972 Pattern Webbing was a webbing intended to replace the 58 pattern webbing, but never got beyond user trials. It was made from PU coated nylon to counter the Soviet NBC capability, and was designed to be used anywhere from Europe, to Jungle or Desert environments and adjustable to be worn on short duration jungle patrols to general infantry use. Having never got beyond British Army User Trials, the 72 pattern webbing rarely turns up on the collectors market.
A general issue of 1958 Pattern webbing consisted of a belt, yoke, ammunition pouches (left, with provision for an SLR bayonet, and right, with a pouch to the rear for a rifle grenade), a water bottle pouch, a pair of kidney pouches, a poncho roll and a large pack.
There were a number of ancillary pouches available for specialist tasks, e.g. pistol holster to hold the issue Browning Hi-Power, compass pouch.
All components in the system are made from a sturdy and tight-woven canvas fabric in a dark olive green. The metal fittings are aluminium, anodised dark green.
In its basic and standard configuration, each of the belt-mounted components is secured to the belt by a pair of double hooks (one double hook only in the case of the compass pouch) at the rear, hooked over the belt above and below, with the ends of the hooks further retained in canvas pockets at the rear of the belt. However, variations are to be found - including water bottle pouches and ammunition pouches for non-standard personal weapons fitted with a canvas loop into which the belt is threaded, rather than the metal hooks. This method of attachment allows the pouch to be moved around the belt for the comfort of the user, for example when sitting for long periods.
Several of the individual components evolved over the lifetime of the 1958 Pattern system. There were three iterations of the standard (SLR) ammunition pouches, two of the water-bottle pouch, two of the poncho roll.
The equipment was worn in a series of combinations. Weapon Training Order (or Skeleton Webbing) consisted of Belt, Yoke and Ammunition pouches. Combat Equipment Fighting Order (CEFO), was the term used for the full webbing system and once the Large Pack was attached, it became Combat Equipment Marching Order (CEMO).
Over the course of its service, there were a number of developments and modifications. When the system was originally designed, little scope was given to Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical warfare and when this was addressed, the system gained a respirator haversack to house the then issue S6 NBC Respirator.
58 Pattern is held in stores by a number of County Cadet Forces to replace aging stocks of 37 Pattern webbing which were still on issue in the late 1990s. The belt in particular seems to survive as an unofficial form of dress (replacing the general issue Working Belt) by older soldiers when worn with Combat Soldier 95 clothing.
A proposal to replace the 58 pattern was the 72 pattern
The 1972 Pattern Webbing was a webbing intended to replace the 58 pattern webbing, but never got beyond user trials. It was made from PU coated nylon to counter the Soviet NBC capability, and was designed to be used anywhere from Europe, to Jungle or Desert environments and adjustable to be worn on short duration jungle patrols to general infantry use. Having never got beyond British Army User Trials, the 72 pattern webbing rarely turns up on the collectors market.
Set of British Army issue 58 Pattern Webbing (with a few PLCE pieces included to make a complete set) that was in use with the Army during the Falklands campaign and is still in use today with many TA and Army Cadet Units.
58 Pattern Tactical Belt. S6 gasmask bag; p58 Ammo pouches. Right: 58 pattern poncho roll.
M58 Ammo pouches and 58 Pattern Yoke, Shoulder Strap
1958 Pattern, P58 Ammo Pouches, Olive Drab color, made by M.W.& S Ltd and dated 1977
Alternative Frog for SLR Bayonet and pouch for L9A1 Magazines.
58 Pattern Water Bottle Canteen Pouch.
58 Pattern "Kidney" Pouches. The mess tin pouches were called "Kidney" because they were worn in the back below the field pack. Argentine Army during the War used the 1961 model field buttpack "Bolsa de rancho", type for carried the mess kit
Mix of 58 pattern and PLCE "Personal Load Carrying Equipment", (Double Ammo Pouches). A 58 Pattern Yoke / Shoulder Strap; A 58 Pattern Webbing Belt; 2 x 58 Pattern Unility Pouches; 1 x 58 Pattern Water Bottle Pouch; 2 x PLCE Ammunition Pouches; 1 x PLCE Utility Pouch.
According to Wikipedia, The PLCE replaced 58 Pattern webbing, which was made of olive canvas: this system was outdated by the by the 1980s.
According to Wikipedia, The PLCE replaced 58 Pattern webbing, which was made of olive canvas: this system was outdated by the by the 1980s.
M58 Binoculars Pouch and P-1944 Water Bottle & Cup with cover.
P-44 Water Canteen and cover.
58 Pattern, Plastic Watern Canteen and p44 cover; P58 Bottle and canteen pouch. Made by UK Osprey.
British 58 Pattern, waterbottle and cup and set of mess tins.
Gibraltar Belt Buckle. According to some Argentine POWs, they saw this buckle on some of the British who guarded them. It is a crown with a lion above it.
Equipment:
Pathfinder Bergen Webbing. SAS and Paratrooper Regiment Bergen with metal frame, adjustable metal straps, side pouchs, outer ladders to fix roll matts. Snow lock round top, inside lid pocket, 2 ice axe loops, tie down straps.
Patrol Cap SAS Para Sniper. B.D. Hats & Garments Ltd.
Survival Suit.
This survival suit was used after abandoning the Sir Galahad after being attacked by the Argentine Air Force and before it sank. It was used by the Logistical Command Unit of the Royal Marines during the war. The survivors were transferred to the HMS Intrepid. The June 8th battle was the bloodiest of the war and the Argentine naval attack provoked the most casualties for Great Britain.
Survival Suit and case.
British Army Gas Mask, dated 1978:
S6 Gas Mask, ( Dated 1978).
Bag, Carrying Case dated 1986.
Note the NBC Nuclear Biological Chemical Protection Suit, S10 respirator and the 5.56x45mm NATO SA80, "Bullpup" Family with standard SUSAT sight.
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Military Gear, Clothing.
DPM 68 pattern, Smock Combat made by C&C Cockson & Clegg Ltd jacket and Royal Corps of Transport (RCT), Belt and beret with embroidered badge. During The South Atlantic War, the 407 troop Royal Corps of Transport, 2nd lt Ash RCT participated with the 5th Infantry Brigade Commander unders the orders of Brigadier Anthony Wilson
1968 Pattern, Trousers Combat made by James Smith & Co. Derby Ltd, Staveley CT4B/1123
1968 Pattern, Trousers Combat made by James Smith & Co. Derby Ltd, Staveley CT4B/1123
Disruptive Pattern Material (DPM)
The Disruptive Pattern Material (DPM) is the commonly used name of a camouflage pattern used by British forces as well many other armies worldwide, particularly in former British colonies.
Amongst the countries that use or have used DPM at any time include Argentina, Brunei, Bulgaria, Canada, Cambodia, China, Jordan, Papua New Guinea, Gambia, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Iraq, Ireland, Lebanon, Malaysia, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Oman, Pakistan, Philippines, Portugal, Taiwan, South Africa, Srpska, Romania, Saudi Arabia, Swaziland, Tanzania, the United Arab Emirates, the United States (Marine Corps (in UK-supplied NBC suits) & Air Force), and Yemen.
Amongst the countries that use or have used DPM at any time include Argentina, Brunei, Bulgaria, Canada, Cambodia, China, Jordan, Papua New Guinea, Gambia, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Iraq, Ireland, Lebanon, Malaysia, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Oman, Pakistan, Philippines, Portugal, Taiwan, South Africa, Srpska, Romania, Saudi Arabia, Swaziland, Tanzania, the United Arab Emirates, the United States (Marine Corps (in UK-supplied NBC suits) & Air Force), and Yemen.
DPM Smock Combat Jacket with Corporal stripes. Royal Army Captain slip-on shoulder rank.
ECWCS Parka DPM camo, (Disruptive Pattern Material). 2 way zipper front with grip-strip storm flap; 2 button-flap, angled chest pockets; 2 button-flap base pockets; Attached drawstring hood; Epaulets Reinforced elbows; Grip-strip cuffs Removable, quilted nylon polyester liner.
British "Wooly" Pully Military Sweater with Sergeant rank, The Argentine army used this same sweater called the tricota.
Cold Weather Gilet Vest and Trousers.
Military Radio Equipment
Marconi Clansman UK/PRC-351 VHF/FM Manpack or vehicle mounting, with carrying frame for clip-in brackets in the Land Rovers, FFR, GS and GP trucks.
The Marconi Clansman UK/PRC-351 is a robust, intra-platoon level VHF FM manpack transceiver used by the British military as part of the wider Clansman radio family, operating in the 30 to 76 MHz frequency range. It was built by Racal BCC and designed for reliable, local-level communications.
The Marconi Clansman UK/PRC-351 is a robust, intra-platoon level VHF FM manpack transceiver used by the British military as part of the wider Clansman radio family, operating in the 30 to 76 MHz frequency range. It was built by Racal BCC and designed for reliable, local-level communications.
Clansman Family:
1980s
(Manufacturer: Racal, Marconi, MEL and Plessey)
HF Radio Sets: PRC 319, PRC 320, VRC 321, VRC 322
VHS Radio Sets: PRC 349, PRC 351/352, VRC 353
UHF Radio Sets: PRC 344
Clansman Accessories:
Batteries and Charging, Control Harness and Audio Gear.
IBRU (Interconnecting Box Radio-rebroadcast Unit). DMU. SURF.
Antenna Tuning and Matching: TURF, TUAAM. Elevated VHF Antenna (EVHF).
1980s
(Manufacturer: Racal, Marconi, MEL and Plessey)
HF Radio Sets: PRC 319, PRC 320, VRC 321, VRC 322
VHS Radio Sets: PRC 349, PRC 351/352, VRC 353
UHF Radio Sets: PRC 344
Clansman Accessories:
Batteries and Charging, Control Harness and Audio Gear.
IBRU (Interconnecting Box Radio-rebroadcast Unit). DMU. SURF.
Antenna Tuning and Matching: TURF, TUAAM. Elevated VHF Antenna (EVHF).
PRC 320 HF Radio, headphones, handset and MK.VI Kevlar Helmet. Photo: Wikipedia.
The Clansman family of Military Radio Sets comprises nine main radio units, operating in the High Frequency (HF), Very High Frequency (VHF) and the Ultra High Frequency (UHF) Radio Bands.
Models are designated "UK/PRC" or "UK/VRC", which stand for "United Kingdom / Portable Radio Communicator" and "United Kingdom / Vehicle Radio Communicator" respectively. The radios first came into service in the late 1970s at that time the main advantage of the Clansman radios was that they were all frequency synthesised (switched channels, as opposed to using a variable tuning scale for example). This provided frequency stability, obviating the need to tune the radio again, once a frequency was set. Previous UK military radios were much less stable, and had to be frequently tuned (or might need to be tweaked to "pull in" a weak signal).
Models are designated "UK/PRC" or "UK/VRC", which stand for "United Kingdom / Portable Radio Communicator" and "United Kingdom / Vehicle Radio Communicator" respectively. The radios first came into service in the late 1970s at that time the main advantage of the Clansman radios was that they were all frequency synthesised (switched channels, as opposed to using a variable tuning scale for example). This provided frequency stability, obviating the need to tune the radio again, once a frequency was set. Previous UK military radios were much less stable, and had to be frequently tuned (or might need to be tweaked to "pull in" a weak signal).
Rolls Royce Bristol Olympus engine MK. 30101, serial No 900011. This engine was the No. 3 engine fitted to XM597, Vulcan B MK2, whilst carrying out missile raids against radar installations in the Falklands during May 1982.
"Operation Black Buck"
In 1982, the Royal Air Force (RAF) conducted Operation Black Buck, a series of five completed long-range bombing missions using Avro Vulcan bombers during the Falklands War. At the time, these were the longest bombing raids in history, covering nearly 8,000 miles round-trip from Ascension Island.
The primary objective was the Port Stanley Airport runway to prevent Argentine fast jets from using it as a forward base to attack the British fleet.
The Avro Vulcan was a Cold War-era nuclear bomber nearing retirement. Crews had to be hastily retrained in conventional bombing and aerial refueling in just weeks. Each mission required a massive effort, involving 11 Victor tankers to refuel a single Vulcan and each other throughout the journey.
This was the most famous raid. Piloted by Martin Withers, the Vulcan dropped twenty-one 1,000-pound bombs; one bomb hit the center of the runway, successfully cratering it.
While the runway was quickly repaired to allow C-130 transport flights, it remained unusable for high-performance fighters.
The raid forced the Argentine Air Force to withdraw Mirage III interceptors to the mainland to protect Buenos Aires, fearing it might also be a target.
During a later mission, a Vulcan was forced to land in Brazil due to a broken refueling probe, creating a brief diplomatic incident.
In 1982, the Royal Air Force (RAF) conducted Operation Black Buck, a series of five completed long-range bombing missions using Avro Vulcan bombers during the Falklands War. At the time, these were the longest bombing raids in history, covering nearly 8,000 miles round-trip from Ascension Island.
The primary objective was the Port Stanley Airport runway to prevent Argentine fast jets from using it as a forward base to attack the British fleet.
The Avro Vulcan was a Cold War-era nuclear bomber nearing retirement. Crews had to be hastily retrained in conventional bombing and aerial refueling in just weeks. Each mission required a massive effort, involving 11 Victor tankers to refuel a single Vulcan and each other throughout the journey.
This was the most famous raid. Piloted by Martin Withers, the Vulcan dropped twenty-one 1,000-pound bombs; one bomb hit the center of the runway, successfully cratering it.
While the runway was quickly repaired to allow C-130 transport flights, it remained unusable for high-performance fighters.
The raid forced the Argentine Air Force to withdraw Mirage III interceptors to the mainland to protect Buenos Aires, fearing it might also be a target.
During a later mission, a Vulcan was forced to land in Brazil due to a broken refueling probe, creating a brief diplomatic incident.
The British task force ground troops in the Falklands War were primarily equipped with the standard Cold War-era infantry weapons of the British Army and Royal Marines. No main battle tanks were deployed due to logistical challenges and the islands' boggy terrain, but a small number of light armored vehicles were used effectively.
Infantry Weapons
The main personal weapons were:
L1A1 Self-Loading Rifle (SLR): The standard 7.62×51mm NATO battle rifle for the majority of British forces, known for its reliability and stopping power.
L2A3 Sterling Submachine Gun: Used by some support personnel, engineers, and NCOs.
L7A2 General Purpose Machine Gun (GPMG): The standard 7.62mm GPMG, used in both the light machine gun (LMG) and sustained fire roles.
L4A3 Bren Gun: A 7.62mm conversion of the classic Bren, used as a support weapon, though less common than the GPMG.
M79 Grenade Launcher: A single-shot 40mm grenade launcher, used to provide infantry with indirect fire capabilities.
L16A1 81mm Mortar: A key indirect fire support weapon, providing effective close support in the final battles.
L9A1 Browning Hi-Power: The standard 9mm service pistol.
Anti-Tank Weapons:
66mm HEAT L1A1 Rocket: A single-shot anti-tank rocket launcher (similar to the US M72 LAW).
L14A1 Carl Gustav Recoilless Rifle: An 84mm medium-range anti-tank weapon, used effectively against Argentine bunkers.
MILAN ATGM: A Man-Portable Anti-Tank Guided Missile system, used to great effect against strongpoints.
Air Defense:
Shorts Blowpipe MANPADS: A man-portable surface-to-air missile system, issued to infantry for air defense.
FIM-92 Stinger MANPADS: Used by special forces (SAS).
Artillery
The British relied on the highly effective 105 mm L118 Light Gun, which proved to be a decisive factor in the land campaign. Five batteries (30 guns) were deployed, often firing at maximum charge and high rates to provide constant fire support during the night assaults on the mountains around Stanley. It was typically towed by the Land Rover 101 Forward Control vehicle.
Tanks and Armored Vehicles
Main Battle Tanks (like the Chieftain, the UK's primary MBT at the time) were deemed too heavy for the terrain and logistical chain. Instead, a small troop from the Blues and Royals was deployed with the light Combat Vehicle Reconnaissance (Tracked) family:
FV101 Scorpion: An armored reconnaissance vehicle armed with a 76mm gun.
FV107 Scimitar: Similar to the Scorpion but armed with a high-velocity 30mm RARDEN autocannon, which was particularly effective in a fire support role.
FV106 Samson: A single armored recovery vehicle was present.
Centurion BARV: Two Centurion Beach Armoured Recovery Vehicles were used at the San Carlos beachhead to help recover landing craft.
BV 202 Snow Trac: A Swedish-designed, tracked articulated personnel carrier that proved highly mobile in the boggy conditions, unlike most wheeled transport.
Transport and Utility Vehicles
Most transport was achieved by "yomping" (marching over long distances), but a variety of vehicles supported the operation:
Land Rover (Series IIA/III and 101 Forward Control): The ubiquitous utility vehicle of the British forces, used for command, transport, and towing the Light Guns and Rapier launchers.
Bedford MK 4-tonne truck: The primary medium cargo and logistics truck for moving supplies when possible.
Infantry Weapons
The main personal weapons were:
L1A1 Self-Loading Rifle (SLR): The standard 7.62×51mm NATO battle rifle for the majority of British forces, known for its reliability and stopping power.
L2A3 Sterling Submachine Gun: Used by some support personnel, engineers, and NCOs.
L7A2 General Purpose Machine Gun (GPMG): The standard 7.62mm GPMG, used in both the light machine gun (LMG) and sustained fire roles.
L4A3 Bren Gun: A 7.62mm conversion of the classic Bren, used as a support weapon, though less common than the GPMG.
M79 Grenade Launcher: A single-shot 40mm grenade launcher, used to provide infantry with indirect fire capabilities.
L16A1 81mm Mortar: A key indirect fire support weapon, providing effective close support in the final battles.
L9A1 Browning Hi-Power: The standard 9mm service pistol.
Anti-Tank Weapons:
66mm HEAT L1A1 Rocket: A single-shot anti-tank rocket launcher (similar to the US M72 LAW).
L14A1 Carl Gustav Recoilless Rifle: An 84mm medium-range anti-tank weapon, used effectively against Argentine bunkers.
MILAN ATGM: A Man-Portable Anti-Tank Guided Missile system, used to great effect against strongpoints.
Air Defense:
Shorts Blowpipe MANPADS: A man-portable surface-to-air missile system, issued to infantry for air defense.
FIM-92 Stinger MANPADS: Used by special forces (SAS).
Artillery
The British relied on the highly effective 105 mm L118 Light Gun, which proved to be a decisive factor in the land campaign. Five batteries (30 guns) were deployed, often firing at maximum charge and high rates to provide constant fire support during the night assaults on the mountains around Stanley. It was typically towed by the Land Rover 101 Forward Control vehicle.
Tanks and Armored Vehicles
Main Battle Tanks (like the Chieftain, the UK's primary MBT at the time) were deemed too heavy for the terrain and logistical chain. Instead, a small troop from the Blues and Royals was deployed with the light Combat Vehicle Reconnaissance (Tracked) family:
FV101 Scorpion: An armored reconnaissance vehicle armed with a 76mm gun.
FV107 Scimitar: Similar to the Scorpion but armed with a high-velocity 30mm RARDEN autocannon, which was particularly effective in a fire support role.
FV106 Samson: A single armored recovery vehicle was present.
Centurion BARV: Two Centurion Beach Armoured Recovery Vehicles were used at the San Carlos beachhead to help recover landing craft.
BV 202 Snow Trac: A Swedish-designed, tracked articulated personnel carrier that proved highly mobile in the boggy conditions, unlike most wheeled transport.
Transport and Utility Vehicles
Most transport was achieved by "yomping" (marching over long distances), but a variety of vehicles supported the operation:
Land Rover (Series IIA/III and 101 Forward Control): The ubiquitous utility vehicle of the British forces, used for command, transport, and towing the Light Guns and Rapier launchers.
Bedford MK 4-tonne truck: The primary medium cargo and logistics truck for moving supplies when possible.
The British task force used a variety of fixed-wing aircraft and numerous helicopters from the Royal Navy's Fleet Air Arm, the Royal Air Force, and the Army Air Corps. The aircraft were critical for air defense, anti-submarine warfare, reconnaissance, and logistics.
Fixed-Wing Aircraft
The primary fixed-wing aircraft operating in the combat zone were the Harrier jets, which operated from the decks of the aircraft carriers HMS Hermes and HMS Invincible.
BAe Sea Harrier FRS.1 (Royal Navy Fleet Air Arm): The main air defense fighter for the task force, the Sea Harrier achieved 20 confirmed air-to-air kills against Argentine aircraft with no losses in air combat. It also performed ground-attack missions.
Hawker Siddeley Harrier GR.3 (Royal Air Force): Ten RAF Harriers were quickly navalized (fitted with anti-corrosion sealants and naval navigation systems) to operate from the carriers alongside the Sea Harriers, primarily for ground attack and reconnaissance missions.
Avro Vulcan B.2 (RAF): Operated from Ascension Island as part of the "Operation Black Buck" missions, performing long-range bombing raids on Port Stanley airfield using conventional 1,000 lb bombs and anti-radar missiles.
Handley Page Victor K.2 (RAF): These were essential air-to-air refueling tankers that enabled the long-range Black Buck and Nimrod missions to take place.
Hawker Siddeley Nimrod MR.2 (RAF): Used for long-range maritime patrols, search and rescue coordination, and electronic intelligence gathering from Ascension Island.
Lockheed C-130 Hercules (RAF): Flew numerous transport flights between the UK and Ascension Island and performed air-drop supply missions to the task force in the total exclusion zone.
Helicopters
Helicopters were vital for troop movement, anti-submarine warfare (ASW), search and rescue (SAR), and casualty evacuation (CASEVAC).
Westland Sea King: This versatile helicopter was used extensively in various roles:
HAS.2/HAS.5: Anti-submarine warfare and search and rescue.
HC.4: Commando troop and heavy lift transport for moving personnel and essential equipment ashore.
Westland Wessex:
HU.5: Commando assault and utility transport, widely used for moving special forces and supplies.
HAS.3: Anti-submarine warfare from smaller ships.
Westland Lynx HAS.2/HAS.3: Ship-borne light helicopter used for anti-submarine and anti-surface warfare (armed with the Sea Skua missile), operating from destroyers and frigates.
Westland Wasp HAS.1: A light, older ASW helicopter that operated from smaller frigates and the ice patrol ship HMS Endurance.
Aérospatiale Gazelle AH.1: Light observation and utility helicopter used by the Army Air Corps and Royal Marines, though found to be vulnerable to ground fire.
Westland Scout AH.1: Light observation and utility helicopter that also served as an anti-tank platform armed with Nord SS-11 missiles.
Boeing Chinook HC.1 (RAF): A heavy-lift helicopter; only one (known as "Bravo November") survived the sinking of the Atlantic Conveyor and was instrumental in the land campaign, carrying large loads of troops and supplies.
Fixed-Wing Aircraft
The primary fixed-wing aircraft operating in the combat zone were the Harrier jets, which operated from the decks of the aircraft carriers HMS Hermes and HMS Invincible.
BAe Sea Harrier FRS.1 (Royal Navy Fleet Air Arm): The main air defense fighter for the task force, the Sea Harrier achieved 20 confirmed air-to-air kills against Argentine aircraft with no losses in air combat. It also performed ground-attack missions.
Hawker Siddeley Harrier GR.3 (Royal Air Force): Ten RAF Harriers were quickly navalized (fitted with anti-corrosion sealants and naval navigation systems) to operate from the carriers alongside the Sea Harriers, primarily for ground attack and reconnaissance missions.
Avro Vulcan B.2 (RAF): Operated from Ascension Island as part of the "Operation Black Buck" missions, performing long-range bombing raids on Port Stanley airfield using conventional 1,000 lb bombs and anti-radar missiles.
Handley Page Victor K.2 (RAF): These were essential air-to-air refueling tankers that enabled the long-range Black Buck and Nimrod missions to take place.
Hawker Siddeley Nimrod MR.2 (RAF): Used for long-range maritime patrols, search and rescue coordination, and electronic intelligence gathering from Ascension Island.
Lockheed C-130 Hercules (RAF): Flew numerous transport flights between the UK and Ascension Island and performed air-drop supply missions to the task force in the total exclusion zone.
Helicopters
Helicopters were vital for troop movement, anti-submarine warfare (ASW), search and rescue (SAR), and casualty evacuation (CASEVAC).
Westland Sea King: This versatile helicopter was used extensively in various roles:
HAS.2/HAS.5: Anti-submarine warfare and search and rescue.
HC.4: Commando troop and heavy lift transport for moving personnel and essential equipment ashore.
Westland Wessex:
HU.5: Commando assault and utility transport, widely used for moving special forces and supplies.
HAS.3: Anti-submarine warfare from smaller ships.
Westland Lynx HAS.2/HAS.3: Ship-borne light helicopter used for anti-submarine and anti-surface warfare (armed with the Sea Skua missile), operating from destroyers and frigates.
Westland Wasp HAS.1: A light, older ASW helicopter that operated from smaller frigates and the ice patrol ship HMS Endurance.
Aérospatiale Gazelle AH.1: Light observation and utility helicopter used by the Army Air Corps and Royal Marines, though found to be vulnerable to ground fire.
Westland Scout AH.1: Light observation and utility helicopter that also served as an anti-tank platform armed with Nord SS-11 missiles.
Boeing Chinook HC.1 (RAF): A heavy-lift helicopter; only one (known as "Bravo November") survived the sinking of the Atlantic Conveyor and was instrumental in the land campaign, carrying large loads of troops and supplies.
The British naval Task Force for the Falklands War was a formidable armada of 127 ships, consisting of 43 Royal Navy warships, 22 Royal Fleet Auxiliary (RFA) vessels, and 62 merchant ships (called "Ships Taken Up From Trade" or STUFT) that were rapidly converted for military use. It was broadly divided into the Carrier Battle Group and the Amphibious Task Group.
Core Royal Navy Warships
Aircraft Carriers: The core of the force, providing the crucial air cover for the fleet and ground troops.
HMS Hermes: The flagship for the task force commander, Rear Admiral Sandy Woodward.
HMS Invincible: The other carrier, deploying Sea Harriers and Sea King helicopters.
Destroyers: Provided air defense and anti-surface warfare capabilities.
Type 82: HMS Bristol (joined later as part of the "Bristol group").
Type 42: HMS Sheffield (sunk by Exocet missile), HMS Coventry (sunk by bombs), HMS Glasgow, HMS Cardiff, HMS Exeter.
County-class: HMS Antrim and HMS Glamorgan.
Frigates: Provided anti-submarine warfare (ASW) and general escort duties.
Type 22: HMS Broadsword and HMS Brilliant.
Type 21: HMS Ardent (sunk), HMS Antelope (sunk), HMS Active, HMS Ambuscade, HMS Arrow, HMS Alacrity, HMS Avenger.
Leander-class: HMS Argonaut, HMS Andromeda, HMS Minerva, HMS Penelope.
Rothesay-class: HMS Plymouth and HMS Yarmouth.
Submarines: Nuclear-powered submarines (SSNs) were key to establishing sea control early in the war.
HMS Conqueror: Famously sank the Argentine cruiser ARA General Belgrano.
Other SSNs included HMS Spartan, HMS Splendid, HMS Courageous, and HMS Valiant, plus the conventional submarine HMS Onyx.
Amphibious Assault Ships: Crucial for the landings at San Carlos Water.
HMS Fearless (Amphibious Group Flagship) and HMS Intrepid.
Royal Fleet Auxiliary (RFA) and STUFT Vessels
These support ships provided fuel, supplies, and troop transport, making the long-range operation possible.
Logistics Landing Ships (LSL): Part of the RFA, these were vital for bringing heavy equipment ashore.
RFA Sir Bedivere, RFA Sir Galahad (sunk in Bluff Cove disaster), RFA Sir Geraint, RFA Sir Lancelot, RFA Sir Percivale, RFA Sir Tristram (major damage).
Tankers & Support: RFA Olna, Olmeda, Tidespring, and various "Leaf"-class tankers kept the fleet running.
Troopships (STUFT): Requisitioned passenger liners and ferries.
SS Canberra: Carried 3 Commando Brigade to the islands and served as a troopship.
RMS Queen Elizabeth 2 (QE2): Carried the 5th Infantry Brigade.
MV Norland: A ferry that carried the Parachute Regiment battalions.
Container and Support Ships:
SS Atlantic Conveyor: A container ship that carried crucial helicopters and Harrier jets; sunk by an Exocet missile.
SS Uganda: Requisitioned as the primary hospital ship.
Core Royal Navy Warships
Aircraft Carriers: The core of the force, providing the crucial air cover for the fleet and ground troops.
HMS Hermes: The flagship for the task force commander, Rear Admiral Sandy Woodward.
HMS Invincible: The other carrier, deploying Sea Harriers and Sea King helicopters.
Destroyers: Provided air defense and anti-surface warfare capabilities.
Type 82: HMS Bristol (joined later as part of the "Bristol group").
Type 42: HMS Sheffield (sunk by Exocet missile), HMS Coventry (sunk by bombs), HMS Glasgow, HMS Cardiff, HMS Exeter.
County-class: HMS Antrim and HMS Glamorgan.
Frigates: Provided anti-submarine warfare (ASW) and general escort duties.
Type 22: HMS Broadsword and HMS Brilliant.
Type 21: HMS Ardent (sunk), HMS Antelope (sunk), HMS Active, HMS Ambuscade, HMS Arrow, HMS Alacrity, HMS Avenger.
Leander-class: HMS Argonaut, HMS Andromeda, HMS Minerva, HMS Penelope.
Rothesay-class: HMS Plymouth and HMS Yarmouth.
Submarines: Nuclear-powered submarines (SSNs) were key to establishing sea control early in the war.
HMS Conqueror: Famously sank the Argentine cruiser ARA General Belgrano.
Other SSNs included HMS Spartan, HMS Splendid, HMS Courageous, and HMS Valiant, plus the conventional submarine HMS Onyx.
Amphibious Assault Ships: Crucial for the landings at San Carlos Water.
HMS Fearless (Amphibious Group Flagship) and HMS Intrepid.
Royal Fleet Auxiliary (RFA) and STUFT Vessels
These support ships provided fuel, supplies, and troop transport, making the long-range operation possible.
Logistics Landing Ships (LSL): Part of the RFA, these were vital for bringing heavy equipment ashore.
RFA Sir Bedivere, RFA Sir Galahad (sunk in Bluff Cove disaster), RFA Sir Geraint, RFA Sir Lancelot, RFA Sir Percivale, RFA Sir Tristram (major damage).
Tankers & Support: RFA Olna, Olmeda, Tidespring, and various "Leaf"-class tankers kept the fleet running.
Troopships (STUFT): Requisitioned passenger liners and ferries.
SS Canberra: Carried 3 Commando Brigade to the islands and served as a troopship.
RMS Queen Elizabeth 2 (QE2): Carried the 5th Infantry Brigade.
MV Norland: A ferry that carried the Parachute Regiment battalions.
Container and Support Ships:
SS Atlantic Conveyor: A container ship that carried crucial helicopters and Harrier jets; sunk by an Exocet missile.
SS Uganda: Requisitioned as the primary hospital ship.
